Poland

Poland ‚Â · Poland is the 6th most populous and the 6th largest of the European Union's 27 member states. Most of the country is flat, with an average elevation of 173 meters.‚Â · 90% of Poles have completed at least secondary education, the highest score in the EU, along with the Czechs, Slovaks, and Slovenes.‚Â · Polish people marry the youngest within the European Union (24 years old for women and 26.5 years old for men in average).‚Â · According to a 2007 UNICEF report on child well-being in rich countries, Poland is the second best of the 25 OECD countries surveyed in terms of "behaviours and risks" (healthy lifestyle, lack of violence), and third best for educational well-being. The same reports also finds that Poland has the lowest pecentage overweight young people (7.1%) and the lowest percentage of teenagers under 15 who had had sexual intercourse (15.1%). However, Poland also had the highest number of young people aspiring to low skilled work (17.1%).English: F lags of Poland and the EU‚Â · Polish people have the largest households in the European Union.‚Â · Poland is the poorest country in the EU after Bulgaria and Romania in terms of GDP per capita at PPP.‚Â · Poles have won a total of 17 Nobel prizes (more than Japan, China, India or Australia), including four Peace Prizes, and five in Literature.‚Â · The highest mountain in Australia, Mount Kosciuszko, was named after general Tadeusz Kosciuszko (1746-1817), who fought against the Russian Empire, as well as in the American Revolutionary War.‚Â · In ancient times, what is now Poland was inhabited by a multitude of ethnic groups, including various Celtic, Slavic (in the centre and south-east), Baltic (in the north-east) and Germanic (in the west and south-west) tribes.‚Â · The country's first historically documented ruler was Mieszko I (c. 935-992), Duke...

Biography of Bill Gates, Co-Founder of Microsoft

Biography of Bill Gates, Co-Founder of Microsoft Bill Gates (born Oct. 28, 1955) is the principal co-founder of Microsoft Corp., the world’s largest personal-computer software company and one of the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. Since he stepped down as chairman of Microsoft Corp., he has focused on and contributed billions of dollars to several charities, especially the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, the worlds largest private charitable foundation. Fast Facts: Bill Gates Known For: Co-founder of MicrosoftAlso Known As: William Henry Gates IIIBorn: Oct. 28, 1955  in Seattle,  WashingtonParents: William H. Gates Sr., Mary MaxwellPublished Software: MS-DOSSpouse: Melinda French GatesChildren: Jennifer, Rory, PhoebeNotable Quote: I think its fair to say that personal computers have become the most empowering tool weve ever created. Theyre tools of communication, theyre tools of creativity, and they can be shaped by their user. Early Life Bill Gates (full name: William Henry Gates III) was born on Oct. 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, the son of William H. Gates Sr., an attorney, and Mary Maxwell, a businesswoman and bank executive who served  on the University of Washington Board of Regents from 1975 to 1993. He has two sisters. Gates wrote his first  software  program at 13 and in high school  was part of a group, which also included childhood friend Paul Allen, that computerized their school’s payroll system and developed Traf-O-Data, a traffic-counting system that they sold to local governments. Gates and Allen wanted to start their own company immediately, but Gates parents wanted him to finish high school and go on to college, hoping he eventually would become a lawyer. In 1975 Gates, then a sophomore at  Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, joined Allen, who was working as a programmer for Honeywell near Boston, to write software for the first  microcomputers, later called PCs. They started by adapting  BASIC, a popular programming language for large computers. Starting Microsoft With the success of this project, Gates left Harvard during his junior year and, with Allen, moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, planning to develop software for the newly emerging personal computer market. In 1975 they started what Allen named Micro-Soft by combining micro from microcomputers and soft from software. The hyphen later was dropped. In 1979, they moved the company to Bellevue, Washington, just east of Seattle. Microsoft became famous for its computer operating systems and killer business deals. In 1980, Gates and Allen licensed an  operating system  called  MS-DOS  to IBM, at the time the worlds largest computer maker, for its first microcomputer, the  IBM PC. They were smart enough to retain the right to license the operating system to other companies, which eventually made them a fortune. Finding Success By 1983, the year Allen left the company for health reasons, Microsofts reach had become global with offices in Great Britain and Japan and 30% of the worlds computers running on its software. A few years earlier, Gates had developed a partnership with Apple to work on some shared projects. Gates soon realized that Apples graphics interface, which displayed text and images on the screen and was driven by a mouse, appealed to the average user more than Microsofts text-and-keyboard-driven MS-DOS system. He launched an ad campaign claiming that Microsoft was developing an operating system that would use a graphic interface similar to Apples products. Called Windows, it would be compatible with all MS-DOS system software. The announcement was a bluff- Microsoft had no such program under development- but it was sheer genius as a marketing tactic: It would encourage people using MS-DOS to wait for new Windows software releases instead of changing to another system, such as Apples Macintosh. In November 1985, nearly two years after his announcement, Gates and Microsoft launched Windows.  Then, in 1989, Microsoft launched Microsoft Office, which bundled office applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel into one system. Perils of Success All the while, Gates was defending Microsoft against lawsuits and Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice investigations of claims charging unfair dealings with computer manufacturers. Yet the innovation continued. Windows 95 was launched in 1995 and in 2001 Microsoft debuted the original Xbox gaming system. Microsoft appeared untouchable. In 2000, Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO and was succeeded by Harvard friend and longtime Microsoft executive Steve Ballmer. Gates assumed the new role of chief software architect. In 2008 Gates left his daily job at Microsoft but retained his position as board chairman until 2014, when he stepped down as chairman but retained a board seat and began serving as technology adviser. Marriage and Family On Jan. 1, 1994, Gates married Melinda French, who has an MBA and a bachelors degree in computer science and met him while she was working at Microsoft. They have three children- Jennifer, Rory, and Phoebe- and live in Xanadu 2.0,  a  66,000-square-foot mansion overlooking Lake Washington  in  Medina, Washington. Philanthropy Gates and his wife founded the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation with the mission of improving the quality of life for people around the world, primarily in the areas of global health and learning. Their initiatives have ranged from funding tuition for 20,000 college students to installing 47,000 computers in 11,000 libraries in all 50 states. In 2005, Bill and Melinda Gates and rock star Bono were named Time magazine persons of the year for their charitable work. According to the foundations website, in 2019, the foundation had made nearly $65 million in grants by mid-April to recipients around the world. The foundation is led by CEO Sue Desmond-Hellmann and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Legacy Back when Bill Gates and Paul Allen announced their  intention to put a computer in every home and on every desktop, most people scoffed. Until then, only the government and large corporations could afford computers. But within only a few decades, Gates and Microsoft had indeed brought computer power to the people. Gates also has had an impact on millions of people throughout the world with his charitable efforts, especially with the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, and he has made large personal donations to a number of educational institutions. Sources About Bill. Gatesnotes.com.Bill Gates: American Computer Programmer, Businessman, and Philanthropist. Encyclopedia Britannica.Bill Gates Biography: Entrepreneur, Philanthropist. Biography.com.Awarded Grants. Gatesfoundation.org.

Developing a sociological perspective about government systems and Essay

Developing a sociological perspective about government systems and other sociological concepts related to developing countries - Essay Example Developing a sociological perspective about government systems and other sociological concepts related to developing countries The breaking up of tribal units, urbanization and missionary activity have all been features of â€Å"modernization† and it is clear that there are multiple consequences of these different forces. The most obvious difference between developed and less developed countries is that of wealth, but the cultural differences are perhaps even more important. One factor which has come through very strongly in the course is the concept of â€Å"cultural pluralism†. There is a big difference between the nation states of the West, with their extensive government systems and very strong sense of national identity and the much more complex mix of identities that is apparent in places like India and Africa. The impact of alien colonial ideas and the move from a rural and tribal setting to urban centres, in search of work and prosperity has created a very intriguing situation for millions of people in the modern world: â€Å"Cultural pluralism exists because individual actors include among their repertory of social roles one or more culturally defined identities.† The diaspora, or spreading out of different groups caused by factors like slavery, economic migration, persecution and war means that in developing countries people often have complex and multiple identities including aspects of nationality, tribe, race, and religion, as well as their current location which may not be linked with any or all of these.

Final exam - international law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final exam - international law - Essay Example This was in answer to a question certified by the UN General Assembly, "Is the threat or use of nuclear weapons in any circumstance permitted under international law?" The answer was No, nuclear warfare is not permitted. Nevertheless, the Court considers that it does not have sufficient elements to enable it to conclude with certainty that the use of nuclear weapons would necessarily be at variance with the principles and rules of law applicable in armed conflict in any circumstance (The world court and the bomb, n. d) Legally, the above ruling of International court of justice clearly prohibits country B from using nuclear weapons even if country A uses chemical weapons against them. The unique characteristics of nuclear weapons made it more dangerous than the chemical weapons. Chemical weapons have less after effects compared to that of the nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons can create immense damage even after years of its use on a particular place. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are better examples of the long term damages nuclear weapons can cause not only to human generations, but also to the entire living organisms. At the same time, the question of how can country like Country B defend its sovereignty when countries like Country A uses chemical weapons. ... For example, Iraq was accused of possessing chemical weapons during the Saddam regime. Suppose, Iraq used their chemical weapons to kill Israeli people, how can Israel stay away from using nuclear weapons? That is why the international court of justice stayed away from completely banning the uses of nuclear weapons. A threat or use of nuclear weapons should also be compatible with the requirements of the international law applicable in armed conflict particularly those of the principles and rules of international humanitarian law, as well as with specific obligations under treaties and other undertakings which expressly deal with nuclear weapons (Legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, 1996) Â  The international court of justice is of the opinion that use of nuclear weapons result in violation of various international laws like Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Geneva Conventions, The Hague Conventions etc. it urged the countries to think in terms of rule of necessity , rule of proportionality, principle of neutrality etc before using nuclear weapon. In other words, only at unavoidable circumstances like when the country’s sovereignty is jeopardy, Country B can think of using nuclear weapons. Moreover, Country B should attempt to do so only to attain neutrality in the war; not for gaining supremacy. The principles of humanitarian law are applicable both to Country A and Country B. If United Nations failed to stop Country A from using chemical weapons against Country B, then Country B would have no other options left behind. The uses of biological and chemical weapons are prohibited just like the prohibition of nuclear weapons. Under such circumstances, Country B cannot remain silent when their civilian people

The Lady in Black and the Lovers in The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

The Lady in Black and the Lovers in The Awakening Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a terrific read and I am hardly able to put it down! I am up to chapter XV and many of the characters are developing in very interesting ways. Edna is unfulfilled as a wife and mother even though she and her husband are financially well off. Her husband, Leonce Pontellier, is a good husband and father but he has only been paying attention to his own interests. At this point he is unaware of the fact that his wife's needs are not being met. Robert and the other characters are equally intriguing but something else has piqued my interest. Some of Chopin's characters are not fully developed. I know that these are important characters because they are representative of specific things; they are metaphoric characters. In particular, I've noticed the lovers and the lady in black. I'm fascinated by the fact that both the lovers and the lady in black are completely oblivious to the rest of the world. They are also in direct contrast with e ach another. For this week's reader response I am taking a different approach. Rather than analyzing the main characters, I will examine the lovers and the lady in black. The lady in black is first mentioned in Chapter I. Mr. Pontellier is surveying the cottages when he notices that a lady in black is walking demurely up and down, with her beads (468). In this example the rosary beads suggest that the lady in black is religious. I believe that this character is a symbol of religion. While everyone else is relaxing, she is busy praying. It is also worth noting that there are several passages which suggest that Edna is rebelling from her religious upbringing. For example, just after we meet the lovers, Edna shares a memory with Madame Ratignolle. She describes herself walking through a meadow as a young girl. She says, "Likely as not it was Sunday... and I was running away from prayers, from the Presbyterian service, read in a spirit of gloom by my father that chills me yet to think of it" (480). Similar to the description of her fathers service, the lady in black is serious and serene.

A Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management Essay

The purposes of this essay is to analyse the improtances of Interpersonal management skills for successful management, and to reflect on a verbal interpersonal cultural based difference people have personally experienced and how develop the cross cultural awareness for more effective management. Interpersonal management skills for successful management In the last decade, with the fast development of the business in the world, the interpersonal management skills have become important increasingly both for person and organisations. The definition of interpersonal management skills is the feeling and behavior that exist within all of people and influence prople’s interaction with others (John, 2002). For everyone, a good interpersonal management skills is very important whether managers, coworkers, clients or families. Therefore, interpersonal management skills are also essential for the successful management. In the following, this part of essay will analyse the importances of interpersonal management skills for successful management and consider how to develop self-management skills. The importances of interpersonal management skills are mainly contain three aspects for successful management. First of all, good interpersonal management skills will decrease the workplace conflict (Pedler et al, 2013). According to survey, true interpersonal management skills will improve  positive communications, reduce stress situation and promote workplace understanding in management (Pedler et al, 2013). In a organisation, it always has many kinds of conflict between employees and employees, employees and imployers. If without these skills, relations inside an organisation become hostile, leading to the low efficiency of work. Therefore, true interpersonal management skills are necessary for a good management skills. In addition, better interpersonal management skills can promote the team work in a business (Cottrell, 2003). In the organisations, team work is neccesary and always happens. While during the team work, good communication will influence its efficiency. However, better interpersonal management skills will achieve the good communication, because those skills can buffer conflicts to achieve efficiency communication (Cottrell, 2003), thereby achieving the successful management. Finally, strong interpersonal management skills can make people get more advancement opportunities in the business (Mitchell, 2013). strong interpersonal management skills make people communicate employees, coworkers and upper management better, leading to people to work eficiency and help them to get success at work through the relationships (Mitchell, 2013). Through these skills, people can get better communications and relationships with boss, upper management and coworkers, thereby achieving the advancement opportunities. Thus, these skills are important for the successful management. Because of the importances of the interpersonal management skills for successful management, the methods about how to develop self-management skills are becaome very important. Firstly, the occasional conflicts are inevitable at work, thus people should know how to manage conflicts calmly and considerately (Johnson, 2014). This is a valuable interpersonal management skills and self-management skills to show the tolerance and prove handy on the job. Secondly, a positive attitude will be the true self-management skills, because the active displays of enthusiasm, can-do spirit and optimistic attitude can make people a delight for everyone at work to be around (Johnson, 2014). finally, the efficiency communications are also very important for self-management skills, because it can make people understand each other better, and then cooperate better (Johnson, 2014). In conclusion, the interpersonal management skills are important for successful management because of their useful functions and benifits. Therefore, developing the self-management skills also should be paid more attention. Verbal interpersonal cultural & Cross cultural awareness In modern society, interpersonal communications refer to communication betwee two or more people. Meanwhile the verbal interpersonal communication is one of the major element for interpersonal communication, such as sounds and word choice, and it is the oral, spoken and unwritten way of the communication (Beebe, 2002). During the process of communication, most people will meet the situattion about the cross-cultural. cross-cultural can be defined as the interaction and comparison of different cultures (Beebe, 2002). Therefore, the verbal interpersonal communication and cross cultural awareness will be useful. In the following, I will reflect on the verbal interpersonal cultural based my experience and analyse how to develop cross cultural awareness. Due to the cultural differences, some people who come from different counties will often have some misunderstanding in the team work or cooperation. I also meet this kind of problems in the presentation’s teamwork. In the process of cooperation, we have a lots of verbal communication, while some questions have different means for us. For example, â€Å"where are you going?† and â€Å"do you eat dinner?†, all of these questions are just greetings, but for my team members, these questions are their privacy. Thus, these communication and cultural barriers always happen in this process because of the different culture. communication and cultural barriers can be defined â€Å"when a person of one culture encounters the beliefs and resulting actions of another culture, there may be a clash.† (Vulcan, 2014). After that, I check and learn the countries’ custom and habits of my team members on the Internet to make me avoid these awkward situations. Because of the importance of cross cultural awareness, people should know how  to develop it. First of all, we should communicate with other countries’ people frequently such as Facebook, Twitter, E-mail (Botha et al, 2009). In my expirience, I also made some different countries’ friends in Facebook to increase my cross cultural awareness. I often contact with them, and understading each of our culture and custom. Therefore, in my opinion, I increased much expirience of cross-cultural communication and scope of knowledge recently. Thus, this is a useful method for developing cross cultural awareness. Secondly, in the process of learning, we should cooperate with people who come from different cultural and countries’, such as doing the presentation together and discuss projects together (Botha et al, 2009). I also often cooperate with different cultural and countries’ students. During cooperating, I learn a lot of cross-cultural and their habits, my cross cultural awareness was developing gradually. Therefore, all of these behaviour will help us to develop the cross cultural awareness effectively for more effective management. To sum up, because of the importance of verbal communication and cross-cultural awareness, people should know and understand more knowledge on these. Because they will help people to communicate and cooperate with different cultural and countries’ people better. References Beebe, S., (2002), Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others, American communication journal. Volume 5, Issue 3, p428. Botha, A. & Vosloo, S., (2009), Improving Cross-Cultural Awareness and Communication through Mobile Technologies, International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1(2), 39-53. Cottrell, S., (2003), Skills for Success. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Johnson, W.D., (2014), List of Interpersonal Skills on the Job. Available at: http://www.ehow.com/info_8504944_list-interpersonal-skills-job.html John, H., (2002), Interpersonal skills at work 2nd edn. New York: Routledge. Mitchell, S., (2013), Improving interpersonal management skills. Available at: https://www.i-l-m.com/Insight/Edge/2013/May/improving-interpersonal-managemen

Racial Discrimination Is A Big Social Issue Today

Racial discrimination is a big social issue today, especially with the president elect, Donald Trump in office. According to Timothy Mcgettigan in the article, â€Å"Donald Trump and White Racism† declares, â€Å" the 2016 presidential election has become a national referendum on racism † . Throughout his campaign, he has made it clear, his disgust towards immigrants, Hispanic communities and minorities. Trump has stereotyped hispanics by using food stamps, crime, unpaid taxes and living songerly. It has brought people together in protest and discrimination. Racism takes on and blinds the history and roots that occurred in the past. People of color deserve respect and should not face discriminatory treatment. Influenced by the nation s leader,†¦show more content†¦The Freedom of Equality states, â€Å"... African-Americans continue to suffer discrimination because of the historic consequences of their skin color, †¦ been enslaved and then only partially freed.† to demonstrate the still existence of discrimination to minorities after past slavery events. â€Å"It took years of bitter and divisive struggles to change this kind of broad discrimination †¦ blood was spilled, it was shocking to observe the degree of racial prejudice among people† (Carter). The saddest part of it all is, history repeats. When has, anyone heard someone give an uplifting comment to a Hispanic. On the news, we see the crimes and skin color to determine all the ethnic group’s actions and are accused of taking jobs that they themselves do not want. The most common jobs for a â€Å"Mexican† are landscaping and working in the fields, it has never been anyone’s dream job yet. In addition it can lead to economic effects. Hispanics are overworked and underpaid, which gives goods at a cheaper cost. Without those latinos, goods would increase. Latinos are not all Mexican, but people assume they are. Chicanos make up most of the population. Can you imagine no diversity in the U.S.? It will leave a lot of empty space. They are placed in the same category as ignorance and not American. As we see stereotypes we see that people use them to believe that Mexicans are drug dealers and are on food stamps. What is most heard is the typical â€Å"Go back to your country† expression.Show MoreRela tedRacial Discrimination : An American Civil Rights Activist942 Words   |  4 PagesAl Sharpton an American civil rights activist talked about racial discrimination in America today and said â€Å"As I often say, we have come a long way from the days of slavery, but in 2014, discrimination and inequality still saturates our society in modern ways. Though racism may be less blatant now in many cases, its existence is undeniable.† (Al Sharpton. BrainyQuote.com) Racial discrimination is a pessimistic reality that affects everyone in our society. Racism has destroyed and ended many livesRead MoreDiscrimination Is A Big Social Problem893 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination remains widespread, types of discrimination exist from gender to workplace. In some cases, people are still treated as second-class citizens, lacking basic rights and suffering violence and many kinds of disadvantages. Discrimination is a big social problem that needs to be addressed. In this memo, our group will clearly define current social issues such as sexual discrimination and racial discrimination, deeply analyze these two issues, and provide specific solutions for managersRead MoreRace Relations And Social Inequality1610 Words   |  7 Pageswritten to discuss social inequality related to race relations. By comparing two articles â€Å"Ethno-Racial Attitudes and Social Inequality† and â€Å"What happens before? 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This research essay attempts to inform readers on some major systemic issues that are prevalent today. Segregation is the reason why there is so much inequality among black and white communities. Segregation causes i nequality for minorities and blacks in particular, they are deprived of important goods and services that are not offeredRead MoreMartin Luther King And Rosa Parks : Achieving Racial Equality Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesParks in achieving racial equality, the presence of racism in American society continues to cause turmoil between white and minority individuals, which invokes an essential question: despite living in a modern and progressive society, why has racial equality not been truly achieved yet? 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